When it comes to health, it is inevitable to discuss not only biological facts but also a sociological relationship or behavior, a social group, and a social organization. Health, which remains the most important and valuable aspect of human life, is a sociological issue regarding obtaining, protecting, and maintaining it. As in many fields of social sciences, there are many different conceptual and contextual views on sociology of health if we liken what we know about illnesses and health to a lake, so what we do not know and have not yet discovered is undoubtedly a huge ocean. Although improvements in science and technology have allowed many questions to be enlightened, we witness that a new problematic about health emerges and new concepts show up in each passing day. Hence, in the first chapter of this book that I wrote considering the fact that sociology of health is also a dynamic field and the synthesis of the previously accepted facts and today's diversities will contribute to that field, the reader will be able to understand that our physical activities have decreased with changes in the human' perception of body, variety of products, and the introduction of technology, and therefore how the concepts of health and disease have changed and how the popular diseases of today have differentiated in the 20th century. In the second chapter, readers will be able to understand how far the medical science has advanced, how the physician's identity has changed, the point reached today in physician-patient relations, and health care model that puts the patient at the center and patient expectations thanks to the concept of patient autonomy and the expectations of the patients can be understood. In the third chapter, readers will be able to have an idea about the projection of the prolonged human life and the changes in demography to healthcare issues and, accordingly, change needs in health policies; the process where societies are viaging with the continuous increase in the life expectancy; and the positive and negative phenomena brought about with aging. In the fourth section, the importance of accurate information on health and illnesses and health literacy, which have gained pretty much popularity in the literature in recent years, will be discussed. The fifth chapter touches a diverse perspective for the technologies that have been introduced to us and includes information on the healthcare technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and some handicaps in the application of such technologies. In the sixth chapter, 'right', which is a phenomenon that is always discussed in the sociological sense, is elaborated in the context of the sociology of health, and the rights of physicians and patients are discussed within the framework of 'the right to health'. In the seventh chapter, the responsibilities of healthcare institutions and the elements of a healthcare system are discussed, and the vitality of safety quality systems in healthcare is emphasized by scrutinizing health professionals-patient-hospital relations. Overall, this book opens a window for the current situation of the issues that have been discussed and changed rapidly within sociology of health