During our student years, we had encyclopedias that we compiled by collecting them in fascicles — around 10-12 issues each — much like today’s Google. Whenever we were curious about something, we would look it up in the alphabeti- cal index and read about it. While certain foundational books were always available, we often took our own notes for most classes or relied on photocopies from friends with neat handwriting. Today, we have reached a point where we are asked, ‘Would you like a PowerPoint presentation or an eBook?’. However, I still believe that studying and learning with a focus on physical material is more effective. Therefore, I prepared this book by updating the notes from the courses I have taught over many years. This book, organized into two parts with contribution from many esteemed professors, is tailored to meet the curriculum standards of medical faculty boards as well as those of faculties in Health Sciences, Nursing, Dentistry, and health-related vocational schools. In the Practical Explanation section, you will find hands-on exercises related to Medical Biology, particularly protocols used in molecular genetics, along with all the experimental applications conducted throughout the term. It brings us great joy to offer you a resource that integrates both theoretical and practical applications. I hope it will prove beneficial.