Pathological fractures in children can occur in various conditions such as tumors, metabolic diseases, and infections. Among these conditions, pathological fractures caused by benign or malignant tumors are the most frequently encountered. Pathological fractures resulting from benign and malignant bone tumors should be recognized early and treated appropriately by an orthopedic surgeon.
The most common benign tumors that cause pathological fractures in children are simple (unicameral) bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, non-ossifying fibroma, and fibrous dysplasia. Although primary malignant bone tumors rarely cause pathological fractures, these tumors should be identified as soon as possible for better outcomes. A detailed history, physical examination, and radiological examination are necessary to determine the cause and direct it to the appropriate treatment.
Most benign lesions do not present problems with fracture union, and the lesion can be treated either when the fracture occurs or after the fracture has healed. A multidisciplinary approach is required in the treatment of pediatric patients with malignancy. Pathological fractures should not be treated by amputation; these fractures may heal, and limb salvage surgery may be performed when indicated.
In this book, along with our extensive list of authors, we will focus on the current diagnosis and treatment of pathological fractures in children, which are often relatively little known to health professionals.